You can set preferences for script formatting, script execution, and database administration, and you can change your password. When you choose a preference category, a form is displayed that lets you set the preferences for that category. On the Preferences page: 1. Select an Output Location option. Click the Apply button. Statements can be executed from the SQL prompt or from a script file.
Practice 1: Overview This is the first of many practices in this course. The solutions if you require them can be found in Appendix A. Practices are intended to cover all topics that are presented in the corresponding lesson.
The URL requires the host name, which your instructor will provide. Perform the practices slowly and precisely. You can experiment with saving and running command files. If you have any questions at any time, ask your instructor. There are four coding errors in the following statement. Can you identify them? Your first task is to create some reports based on data from the Human Resources tables. The HR department wants a query to display the last name, job code, hire date, and employee number for each employee, with employee number appearing first.
The HR department wants more descriptive column headings for its report on employees. Then run your query again. The HR department has requested a report of all employees and their job IDs. Display the last name concatenated with the job ID separated by a comma and space and name the column Employee and Title.
Separate each column output by a comma. Limiting Rows Using a Selection In the example in the slide, assume that you want to display all the employees in department If the condition is true, the row meeting the condition is returned. In the syntax: WHERE restricts the query to rows that meet a condition condition is composed of column names, expressions, constants, and a comparison operator The WHERE clause can compare values in columns, literal values, arithmetic expressions, or functions.
Number constants, however, should not be enclosed in single quotation marks. All character searches are case sensitive. Comparison Conditions Comparison conditions are used in conditions that compare one expression to another value or expression. Note: The symbols! The range that you specify contains a lower limit and an upper limit.
You must specify the lower limit first. The IN condition is also known as the membership condition. The IN condition can be used with any data type. You can select rows that match a character pattern by using the LIKE condition. The character pattern—matching operation is referred to as a wildcard search.
Two symbols can be used to construct the search string. Note the uppercase S. Names beginning with an s are not returned. The example in the slide displays the names of all employees whose last names have the letter o as the second character. This option specifies what the escape character is. This causes the Oracle Server to interpret the underscore literally. A null value means the value is unavailable, unassigned, unknown, or inapplicable. The slide example retrieves the last names and managers of all employees who do not have a manager.
Logical Conditions A logical condition combines the result of two component conditions to produce a single result based on those conditions, or it inverts the result of a single condition. A row is returned only if the overall result of the condition is true. Character strings must be enclosed in quotation marks.
Using the OR Operator In the example, either condition can be true for any record to be selected. Rules of Precedence The rules of precedence determine the order in which expressions are evaluated and calculated.
The table lists the default order of precedence. You can override the default order by using parentheses around the expressions that you want to calculate first. Rules of Precedence continued 1.
You can specify an expression, an alias, or a column position as the sort condition. Examples 1. The slide example sorts the result by the most recently hired employee.
The slide example sorts the data by annual salary. You can sort query results by more than one column. The sort limit is the number of columns in the given table.
If you want to reverse the order of a column, specify DESC after its name. I want to query different values. Substitution Variables The examples so far have been hard-coded. In a finished application, the user would trigger the report, and the report would run without further prompting.
You can embed substitution variables in a command file or in a single SQL statement. A variable can be thought of as a container in which the values are temporarily stored. When the statement is run, the value is substituted. Single-Ampersand Substitution Variable When running a report, users often want to restrict the data that is returned dynamically. You do not need to define the value of each variable. With the single ampersand, the user is prompted every time the command is executed, if the variable does not exist.
The same rule applies to the substitution variables. Enclose the variable in single quotation marks within the SQL statement itself.
For each substitution variable in the SELECT statement, you are prompted to enter a value, and you then click the Continue button to proceed.
If you do not enter a value for the substitution variable, you get an error when you execute the preceding statement. The user sees the prompt for the value only once.
At run time, this displays the employee number, name, salary, and department number for that employee. You should also have learned how to implement various operators and conditions. You can query users at run time and enable them to specify criteria. You make the SQL statements more reusable and generic by including ampersand substitution.
Run your query. Create a report that displays the last name and department number for employee number The HR department needs to find high-salary and low-salary employees. Create a report to display the last name, job ID, and start date for the employees with the last names of Matos and Taylor. Order the query in ascending order by start date. Display the last name and department number of all employees in departments 20 or 50 in ascending alphabetical order by name.
Label the columns Employee and Monthly Salary, respectively. The HR department needs a report that displays the last name and hire date for all employees who were hired in Create a report to display the last name and job title of all employees who do not have a manager.
Create a report to display the last name, salary, and commission of all employees who earn commissions. Sort data in descending order of salary and commissions. Members of the HR department want to have more flexibility with the queries that you are writing.
They would like a report that displays the last name and salary of employees who earn more than an amount that the user specifies after a prompt. You can use the query that you created in practice exercise 1 and modify it.
The HR department wants to run reports based on a manager. The HR department wants the ability to sort the report on a selected column. Display all employee last names in which the third letter of the name is a. Display the last names of all employees who have both an a and an e in their last name. If you want an extra challenge, complete the following exercises: Objectives Functions make the basic query block more powerful, and they are used to manipulate data values.
This is the first of two lessons that explore functions. It focuses on single-row character, number, and date functions, as well as those functions that convert data from one type to another for example, conversion from character data to numeric data. Note: Most of the functions that are described in this lesson are specific to the Oracle version of SQL.
There are different types of single-row functions. These functions are also known as group functions covered in lesson 4. Single-Row Functions Single-row functions are used to manipulate data items.
They accept one or more arguments and return one value for each row that is returned by the query. This can be represented by a column name or expression.
Character Functions Single-row character functions accept character data as input and can return both character and numeric values. If n is omitted, all characters to the end of the string are returned. Note: The functions discussed in this lesson are only some of the available functions. This is a feature that is available in Oracle8i and later versions. Using Case-Manipulation Functions The slide example displays the employee number, name, and department number of employee Higgins.
Because both names are now lowercase, a match is found and one row is selected. Using the Character-Manipulation Functions The slide example displays employee first names and last names joined together, the length of the employee last name, and the numeric position of the letter a in the employee last name for all employees who have the string REP contained in the job ID starting at the fourth position of the job ID. Example Modify the SQL statement in the slide to display the data for those employees whose last names end with the letter n.
Number Functions Number functions accept numeric input and return numeric values. This section describes some of the number functions. Function Purpose ROUND column expression, n Rounds the column, expression, or value to n decimal places or, if n is omitted, no decimal places If n is negative, numbers to left of the decimal point are rounded. TRUNC column expression, n Truncates the column, expression, or value to n decimal places or, if n is omitted, n defaults to zero MOD m,n Returns the remainder of m divided by n Note: This list contains only some of the available number functions.
If the second argument is 0 or is missing, the value is rounded to zero decimal places. If the second argument is 2, the value is rounded to two decimal places. Conversely, if the second argument is —2, the value is rounded to two decimal places to the left rounded to the nearest unit of You will see examples later in this lesson.
The DUAL table is useful when you want to return a value once only for example, the value of a constant, pseudocolumn, or expression that is not derived from a table with user data.
If the second argument is 0 or is missing, the value is truncated to zero decimal places. If the second argument is 2, the value is truncated to two decimal places. Conversely, if the second argument is —2, the value is truncated to two decimal places to the left. If the second argument is —1, the value is truncated to one decimal place to the left.
Note: The MOD function is often used to determine if a value is odd or even. Oracle Date Format The Oracle database stores dates in an internal numeric format, representing the century, year, month, day, hours, minutes, and seconds.
Valid Oracle dates are between January 1, B. However, dates are not stored in the database in this format. All the components of the date and time are stored. The complete data might be June 17, , p. However, when the date column is displayed on the screen, the century component is not displayed by default. The DATE data type always stores year information as a four-digit number internally: two digits for the century and two digits for the year.
For example, the Oracle database stores the year as or , and not just as 87 or Arithmetic with Dates Because the database stores dates as numbers, you can perform calculations using arithmetic operators such as addition and subtraction. You can add and subtract number constants as well as dates. Arithmetic with Dates continued The example in the slide displays the last name and the number of weeks employed for all employees in department It subtracts the date on which the employee was hired from the current date SYSDATE and divides the result by 7 to calculate the number of weeks that a worker has been employed.
Your results may differ from the example. If a more current date is subtracted from an older date, the difference is a negative number. Date Functions Date functions operate on Oracle dates. The result can be positive or negative. If date1 is later than date2, the result is positive; if date1 is earlier than date2, the result is negative.
The noninteger part of the result represents a portion of the month. The value of n must be an integer and can be negative.
The value of char may be a number representing a day or a character string. If the format model fmt is omitted, date is rounded to the nearest day. If the format model fmt is omitted, date is truncated to the nearest day. This list is a subset of the available date functions. The format models are covered later in this lesson.
Examples of format models are month and year. Date Functions continued For example, display the employee number, hire date, number of months employed, six-month review date, first Friday after hire date, and last day of the hire month for all employees who have been employed for fewer than 80 months. When used with dates, these functions round or truncate to the specified format model.
Therefore, you can round dates to the nearest year or month. Example Compare the hire dates for all employees who started in For Part 1, complete questions 1—6 at the end of this lesson. However, the Oracle server internally converts such data types to Oracle data types. In some cases, the Oracle server uses data of one data type where it expects data of a different data type.
When this happens, the Oracle server can automatically convert the data to the expected data type. This data type conversion can be done implicitly by the Oracle server or explicitly by the user. Implicit data type conversions work according to the rules that are explained in the next two slides.
Explicit data type conversions are done by using the conversion functions. Conversion functions convert a value from one data type to another. Generally, the form of the function names follows the convention data type TO data type.
The first data type is the input data type; the second data type is the output. Note: Although implicit data type conversion is available, it is recommended that you do explicit data type conversion to ensure the reliability of your SQL statements. Implicit Data Type Conversion The assignment succeeds if the Oracle server can convert the data type of the value used in the assignment to that of the assignment target.
Implicit Data Type Conversion continued In general, the Oracle server uses the rule for expressions when a data type conversion is needed in places that are not covered by a rule for assignment conversions.
If this parameter is omitted, this function uses the default date languages for the session. Be sure to separate the date value from the format model by a comma. Indicates B. Date Format Elements: Time Formats Use the formats that are listed in the following tables to display time information and literals and to change numerals to spelled numbers.
The hire date appears as 17 June This technique is especially useful with concatenation. The default is a period. Decimal point in position specified You can specify multiple group separators in a number format model.
The format model that you choose is based on the previously demonstrated format elements. Without fx, Oracle ignores extra blanks. Without fx, numbers in the character argument can omit leading zeros. There are two spaces after the month May and the number 24 in the following example. Use the RR date format element instead of YY so that the century of the return value varies according to the specified two-digit year and the last two digits of the current year.
The table in the slide summarizes the behavior of the RR element. Because the current year is greater than , the RR format interprets the year portion of the date from to The following command, on the other hand, results in no rows being selected because the YY format interprets the year portion of the date in the current century Nesting Functions Single-row functions can be nested to any depth.
Nested functions are evaluated from the innermost level to the outermost level. Some examples follow to show you the flexibility of these functions.
Nesting Functions continued The slide example displays the last names of employees in department The evaluation of the SQL statement involves three steps: 1. The inner function retrieves the first eight characters of the last name.
The outermost function converts the results to uppercase. The entire expression becomes the column heading because no column alias was given.
Example Display the date of the next Friday that is six months from the hire date. The resulting date should appear as Friday, August 13th, Order the results by hire date. General Functions These functions work with any data type and pertain to the use of null values in the expression list. If expr1 is null, NVL2 returns expr3. The argum ent expr1 can have any data type. If any column value in an expression is null, the result is null. To calculate values for all employees, you must convert the null value to a number before applying the arithmetic operator.
In the example in the slide, the NVL function is used to convert null values to zero. If the first expression is not null, then the NVL2 function returns the second expression. If the first expression is null, then the third expression is returned.
The argument expr1 can have any data type. The arguments expr2 and expr3 can have any data types except LONG. If the data types of expr2 and expr3 are different, the Oracle server converts expr3 to the data type of expr2 before comparing them unless expr3 is a null constant. In the latter case, a data type conversion is not necessary.
If they are equal, the function returns null. If they are not equal, the function returns the first expression. You cannot specify the literal NULL for the first expression. When the lengths of the names are equal, a null value is displayed. When the lengths of the names are not equal, the length of the first name is displayed.
If none of the WHEN Otherwise, the Oracle server returns null. For all other job roles, there is no increase in salary.
This is an example of a searched CASE expression. In a searched CASE expression, the search occurs from left to right until an occurrence of the listed condition is found, and then it returns the return expression.
If the expression is the same as search, result is returned. If the default value is omitted, a null value is returned where a search value does not match any of the result values.
In this example, you determine the tax rate for each employee in department 80 based on the monthly salary. Summary Single-row functions can be nested to any level. For Part 2, complete exercises 7— Remember that for nested functions, the results are evaluated from the innermost function to the outermost function.
Write a query to display the current date. Label the column Date. The HR department needs a report to display the employee number, last name, salary, and salary increased by Label the column New Salary. Label the column Increase. Run the revised query. Write a query that displays the last name with the first letter uppercase and all other letters lowercase and the length of the last name for all employees whose name starts with the letters J, A, or M.
Give each column an appropriate label. Rewrite the query so that the user is prompted to enter a letter that starts the last name. For example, if the user enters H when prompted for a letter, then the output should show all employees whose last name starts with the letter H. The HR department wants to find the length of employment for each employee. For each employee, display the last name and calculate the number of months between today and the date on which the employee was hired.
Order your results by the number of months employed. Round the number of months up to the closest whole number.
Note: Your results will differ. Label the column Dream Salaries. Create a query to display the last name and salary for all employees. Display the last name, hire date, and day of the week on which the employee started. Label the column DAY. Order the results by the day of the week, starting with Monday. Each asterisk signifies a thousand dollars. Sort the data in descending order of salary.
Rewrite the statement in the preceding exercise using the CASE syntax. Objectives This lesson further addresses functions. It focuses on obtaining summary information such as averages for groups of rows. It discusses how to group rows in a table into smaller sets and how to specify search criteria for groups of rows. Group functions operate on sets of rows to give one result per group. Group Functions Unlike single-row functions, group functions operate on sets of rows to give one result per group.
These sets may comprise the entire table or the table split into groups. Types of Group Functions Each of the functions accepts an argument. The default is ALL and therefore does not need to be specified.
The example in the slide displays the average, highest, lowest, and sum of monthly salaries for all sales representatives. The slide example displays the most junior and most senior employees. In contrast, COUNT expr returns the number of non-null values that are in the column identified by expr. The slide example displays the number of employees in department The slide example displays the number of employees in department 80 who can earn a commission.
Group Functions and Null Values All group functions ignore null values in the column. The NVL function forces group functions to include null values.
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The default value is 4. If set to 0, Oracle Database Lite sets npages to the default value. Use this clause to change the definition of an existing function without dropping, re-creating, and regranting object privileges previously granted on the function. If you omit schema, Oracle Database Lite creates the function in your current schema. See "Usage Notes". If the function does not accept arguments, you can omit the parentheses following the function name.
IN Specifies that you must supply a value for the argument when calling the function. OUT Specifies that the function sets the value of the argument. IN OUT Specifies that a value for the argument can be supplied by you and may be set by the function. An argument can have any datatype supported by SQL. Oracle Database Lite derives the length, precision, or scale of an argument from the environment from which the function is called.
Because every function must return a value, this clause is required. The return value can have any datatype supported by SQL. In Oracle database this can be C or Java. In Oracle Database Lite, this can only be Java. If omitted, the default schema name is used. Cannot be used in subquery. If you omit schema , Oracle Database Lite creates the index in your own schema. You can create any number of indexes for a table, provided you do not use the same columns and column order for more than one index.
If you do not qualify table with a schema, Oracle Database Lite assumes that the table is contained in your own schema.
Indexes are always created in ascending order. The database looks up all qualifying rows to find the matching row s. Use this clause to change the definition of an existing object without dropping, re-creating, and regranting object privileges previously granted. In Oracle, you specify that the database should attempt to resolve the Java schema object that is created if this statement succeeds.
When applied to a class, resolution of referenced names to other class schema objects occurs. When applied to a source, source compilation occurs. Restriction : You cannot specify this clause for a Java resource. If you do not specify this option, Oracle takes no action if the resolution or compilation fails that is, the created schema object remains.
In Oracle, it is required for a Java source or resource. If you do not specify schema,Oracle creates the object in your own schema. In Oracle, it applies only to a Java class. This optional clause specifies the schema in which the object containing the Java file resides. Note: The keyword public class should not be used in a comment before the first public class statement. Use this clause to change the definition of an existing procedure without dropping, re-creating, and regranting object privileges previously granted on it.
If you omit schema, Oracle Database Lite creates the procedure in your current schema. If the procedure does not accept arguments, you can omit the parentheses following the procedure name. IN Indicates that you must specify a value for the argument when calling the procedure. OUT Indicates that the procedure passes a value for this argument back to its calling environment after execution.
IN OUT Indicates that you must specify a value for the argument when calling the procedure and that the procedure passes a value back to its calling environment after execution.
In Oracle this can be C or Java. The schema name must be different from any user names since each user name has a default schema with the same name. If you omit schema, Oracle Database Lite creates the sequence in your own schema.
Use this option to start an ascending sequence at a value greater than its minimum which is the default , or to start a descending sequence at a value less than its maximum which is the default. This integer value can have 9 or fewer digits.
Public synonyms are accessible to all users. If you omit this option, the synonym is private and is accessible only within its schema. If you omit schema , Oracle Database Lite creates the synonym in your own schema. FOR object Identifies the object for which the synonym is created. If you do not qualify the object with a schema, Oracle Database Lite assumes that the object is in your own schema.
The object can be a table, view, sequence, or another synonym. Note that the object need not currently exist and you must have privileges to access the object. Table names may not contain the period ". The datatype of the expression must match the datatype of the column.
To contain this expression, the column size must be increased. Creates the trigger if it does not already exist. Used to change the definition of an existing trigger without dropping, recreating, or regranting object privileges previously granted on it. If omitted, Oracle Database Lite creates the trigger in your own schema. For row triggers, this is a separate firing before each affected row is changed. For row triggers, this is a separate firing after each affected row is changed.
ON Specifies the schema and name of the table on which the trigger is to be created. If omitted, Oracle Database Lite assumes the table is in your own schema. Oracle Database Lite fires a row trigger once for each row that is affected by the triggering statement.
If you omit this clause, the trigger is a statement trigger. Oracle Database Lite fires a statement trigger only once when the triggering statement is issued if the optional trigger constraint is met.
Here, user is a unique string, beginning with a letter, with a minimum of one byte and a maximum length of 30 bytes.
Used to change the definition of an existing view without dropping, recreating, or re-granting object privileges previously granted.
FORCE Specify FORCE if you want to create the view regardless of whether the view's base tables or the referenced object types exist or the owner of the schema containing the view has privileges on them. This is the default option. If you omit schema , Oracle Lite creates the view in your own schema. The number of aliases must match the number of expressions selected by the view. Aliases must follow Oracle Lite's rules for naming schema objects.
Each alias must be unique within the view. AS subquery Identifies columns and rows of the table s on which the view is based. Its select list can contain up to expressions. Prerequisite You must have a sequence object.
NEXTVAL To refer to the current or next value of a sequence in the schema of another user, you must qualify the sequence with the schema containing it. If you omit schema , Oracle Lite assumes the table or view is in your own schema. If you specify view , Oracle Lite deletes rows from the view's base tables. If you omit schema, Oracle Lite assumes the function is in your own schema.
If you omit the schema, Oracle Lite assumes that the index is in your own schema. If you omit schema , Oracle Lite assumes the procedure is in your own schema. If you omit schema, Oracle Lite assumes that the sequence is in your own schema. If you omit schema, Oracle Lite creates the synonym in your own schema.
If you omit schema, Oracle Lite assumes that the table is in your own schema. CASCADE Specifies that, if the table is a base table for views, or if there are referential integrity constraints that refer to primary keys in the table, they are automatically dropped with the table. If you omit schema, Oracle Lite assumes that the trigger is in your own schema. If you omit schema, Oracle Lite assumes that the view is in your own schema. NL Nested loop join. IL Index loop join is an index used to join the table following "IL".
ON Signifies the database object to which you grant roles. TO Signifies the users or user list to whom you grant roles. If you omit schema, Oracle Lite assumes that the table or view is in your own schema. In the inserted row, each column listed in this argument is assigned a value from the VALUES clause or from the subquery. This can contain host variables. Prerequisites None. Usage Notes The number of levels returned by a hierarchical query is limited to Example The following statement returns all employees in hierarchical order.
Prerequisite None. Snapshot table 16 The row is a new row created at the client side. Snapshot table 32 The row has been updated. Regular table 0 This value is static and never changes. TO An optional argument that enables you to roll back to a savepoint. DDL commands in Oracle Lite are subject to rollback. They can show you how a table's rows are stored. They are unique identifiers for rows in a table. Duplicate rows are those with matching values for each expression in the select list.
ALL Returns all rows selected, including all copies of duplicates. The default is ALL. Use the schema qualifier to select from a schema other than your own.
A column name in this list can be qualified with a schema only if the table or view that contains the column is itself qualified with a schema in the FROM clause. A column alias does not affect the actual name of the column. It cannot be used by other clauses in the query.
If you omit schema , Oracle Lite assumes that the table, view, or snapshot resides in your own schema. Most often used in a correlated query. Other references to the table, view, or snapshot throughout the query must refer to the alias. Rows for which the condition is TRUE are the children of the parent.
GROUP BY Groups the selected rows based on the value of the expr argument for each row, and returns a single row of summary information for each group.
If you omit this clause, Oracle Lite returns summary rows for all groups. This syntax is supported, but has no function. ASC specifies an ascending sort order. ASC is the default. DESC specifies a descending sort order. Figure The subquery Expression.
Figure The query spec Expression. AND o. You can limit the number of rows returned by a query, as follows: LIMIT clause: Enables you to return only a specified number of rows, so that you do not overwhelm the limitations of your device or application. Limit and Offset Clause Example A customer uses an order entry application, where there is a product table with over 3, rows with a primary index on the product number. DeptNo and Emp. OrdId And Item.
ProdId And Product. Note: Oracle Lite implicitly commits the current transaction before and after executing a data definition language statement.
The transaction does not take place until rows write locked by other transactions are unlocked. The transaction holds a read lock when it reads the current row and a write lock when it updates or deletes the current row. This prevents other transactions from updating or deleting it. The transaction releases read locks when it moves off the current row, and releases write locks when it is either committed or rolled back.
The transaction maintains read locks on all rows it returns to the application, and maintains write locks on all rows it inserts, updates, or deletes. The transaction only releases its locks when it is committed or rolled back. The transaction holds a read lock when it reads a range of rows and a write lock when it updates or deletes a range of rows.
This prevents other transactions from updating or deleting the rows. The transaction has no locks and therefore consumes less memory. This is recommended for bulk loading of the database. Figure The Update Command.
If you omit schema , Oracle Lite assumes that the table or view resides in your own schema. SET Indicates that the columns that follow be set to specific values. If you omit one of the table's columns in the SET clause, that column's value remains unchanged. All rights reserved. Contents Index. Note: All examples refer to sample database objects supplied with Oracle Database Lite. The name of the schema to contain the sequence.
Specifies the interval between sequence numbers. Specifies the maximum value the sequence can generate. Specifies a maximum value of for an ascending sequence or —1 for a descending sequence.
Specifies the minimum value that the sequence can generate. Specifies a minimum value of 1 for an ascending sequence or — for a descending sequence. The NLS date format. The name of the schema, which is a character string of up to characters. Specifies that a column or integrity constraint is added to the database table.
Specifies that a column or integrity constraint is dropped from the database table. Specifies a default value expr expression for the new column. A valid expression. A column integrity constraint. A table integrity constraint. An integrity constraint to be dropped. Attaches a Java class or source file to the database table. Indicates that the Java class or source file must be attached in either a database, Java class, or source path. The database in which you attach the Java class or source path.
The directory containing the specified Java class or source file. Specifies attributes of the class to be used as arguments to the Java constructor. Enables all triggers associated with the table. Disables all triggers associated with the table.
This specifies a new default for an existing column. This modifies the definition of an existing column. Modifies the state of an existing constraint. This setting specifies that all existing data complies with the constraint.
This setting ensures that all new DML operations on the constrained data comply with the constraint, but does not ensure that existing data in the table complies with the constraint.
This setting disables the constraint and converts the index on the primary key constraint to an ordinary index, but keeps the constraint valid. This setting signifies that Oracle Database Lite makes no effort to maintain the constraint because it is disabled and cannot guarantee that the constraint is true because it is not validated. The schema containing the trigger. Enables the trigger. Disables the trigger.
The user to be altered. Indicates how Oracle Database Lite permits user access. Specifies a new password for the user which is a name of up to characters. The schema to contain the view. Causes Oracle Lite to recompile the view. An optional argument with no effect. Identifies the integrity constraint named by the constraint argument. Specifies that a column cannot contain null values. Designates a column, or a combination of columns, as a unique key. Designates a column, or a combination of columns, as the table's primary key.
This specifies how many columns should be used to create the index. Designates a column, or a combination of columns in the child table, as the foreign key in a referential integrity constraint. The name of the schema, which is a character string up to characters.
Identifies the primary key or unique key of the parent table that is referenced by a foreign key in a referential integrity constraint. Specifies the table on which the constraint is placed. Specifies the column of the table on which the constraint is placed. Specifies that Oracle Database Lite maintains referential integrity by automatically removing dependent foreign key values when you remove a referenced primary key or unique key value.
Specifies that a condition be checked for each row in the table. Specifies the condition that each row in the table must satisfy. A data file name or full path name. A unique identifier for the database.
The maximum file size to which the database can grow. An incremental amount of pages in a database file. The number of 4K kilobyte pages which make up an extent the minimum unit of allocation for a table.
Recreates the function if it already exists. The schema to contain the function. The name of the function to create. The name of an argument to the function. Specifies that you must supply a value for the argument when calling the function. Specifies that the function sets the value of the argument.
Specifies that a value for the argument can be supplied by you and may be set by the function. The datatype of an argument.
Specifies the datatype of the function's return value. Maps the Java method name, parameter types, and return type to their SQL counterparts. Identifies the Java implementation of the method. A schema, which has the same name as the user who owns it. The datatype of the column. Designates the specified column or combination of columns as a unique key.
The name of the index to create. The name of the table for which the index is created. The name of a column in the table. Provided for DB2 compatibility only. Recreates the schema object containing the Java class, source, or resource if it already exists.
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